Comparing college savings options

529 Savings Plan Coverdell Education Savings Accounts
(Formerly Education IRAs)
UTMA/UGMA
Income limitations None AGI limits apply None
Maximum account balance or yearly contribution limit per beneficiary Varies by state —maximum balance is until the aggregate balance of all Program accounts per beneficiary is reached ($340,000 for 2009-2010 academic year). $2,000 annually $12,000 can be donated per contributor without exceeding the annual federal gift tax exclusion
Taxation of account earnings and qualified withdrawals Account earnings grow federal income tax-deferred until withdrawn. Withdrawals are federal income tax-free if used for qualified higher education expenses. State and local taxes may apply. Account earnings grow federal income tax-deferred until withdrawn. Withdrawals are federal income tax-free if used for qualified higher education expenses. Earnings are taxable on a current basis at the child’s and/or parent’s rate, depending on the amount of income earned. Withdrawals of contributions are not subject to income tax.
Ability to change beneficiaries Yes Yes No
Control of withdrawals Owner of account Owner of account Transfers to child when child reaches legal age
Investment Options Age-based portfolios, static portfolios and single mutual fund portfolios available with many 529 plans Wide range of securities Wide range of securities
State tax deductible contributions Varies by state No No
Qualified use of proceeds Any accredited postsecondary school in the U.S. Any qualified K-12 expenses, plus any accredited postsecondary school in the U.S. Not applicable. Custodian may make withdrawals for a variety of uses for the minor’s benefit.
Penalties for non-qualified withdrawals 10% penalty on earnings 10% penalty on earnings No
Ownership of assets for financial aid purposes (may vary with private institutions) Normally considered account owners until withdrawals begin then earnings withdrawn count as beneficiary’s income. Student Student
Age restrictions None Contributions to account cannot be made after beneficiary’s 18th birthday. Qualified distributions must generally be taken within 30 days after beneficiary’s 30th birthday unless rolled over to a new beneficiary. Account transfers to child when child reaches legal age.

An Investor should consider the investment objectives, risks, charges and expenses of a 529 Plan before investing. More information about 529 plans can be found in the issuer's official statement, which should be read carefully before investing.