A Comparison: Traditional IRA vs. Roth IRA

For quick reference, here is a side-by-side comparison of the primary features of both a Traditional IRA and a Roth IRA. You’ll see that that the main differences fall under eligibility, deductibility and distributions.

Feature Roth IRA Traditional IRA
Annual
Contribution
Limits

(same for taxpayer
and spouse)
100% of earned income up to $5,000 in tax years 2009 and 2010. 100% of earned income up to $5,000 in tax years 2009 and 2010.
Catch-up
Contribution
Provision
Up to $1,000 in tax years 2009 and 2010 for individuals age 50 and over. Up to $1,000 in tax years 2009 and 2010 for individuals age 50 and over.
Contribution
Eligibility
Any age when single and joint tax filers fall under certain AGI limits. Under age 70½.
Deductibility Nondeductible. Fully deductible if not in a qualified retirement plan and certain AGI limits are not exceeded. Reducing deduction available for active participants in qualified retirement plans who fall under certain AGI limits.
Distributions

Not mandatory at age 70½.

After age 59½: Tax-free if Roth IRA held for five years.

Before age 59½: Tax-free if Roth IRA held for five years and distribution is due to death, disability or qualified first-time home purchase. If the above criteria are not met, an early withdrawal before age 59½ may be subject to taxes and a 10% penalty as set by federal law.

Taxable distributions: Taxed as ordinary income. A 10% penalty may not apply if distribution is considered a qualified withdrawal for specific exceptions such as higher education expenses.

Must begin at age 70½.

After age 59½: All “deductible” contributions and any earnings taxed as ordinary income.

Before age 59½: Taxed as ordinary income. A 10% penalty does not apply if used for certain distributions such as qualified first-time home purchase. If the above criteria are not met, an early withdrawal before age 59½ may be subject to taxes and a 10% penalty as set by federal law.