A Comparison: Traditional IRA vs. Roth IRA
For quick reference, here is a side-by-side comparison of the primary features of both a Traditional IRA and a Roth IRA. You’ll see that that the main differences fall under eligibility, deductibility and distributions.
| Feature |
Roth IRA |
Traditional IRA |
Annual Contribution Limits (same for taxpayer and spouse) |
100% of earned income up to $5,000 in tax years 2009 and 2010. |
100% of earned income up to $5,000 in tax years 2009 and 2010. |
Catch-up Contribution Provision |
Up to $1,000 in tax years 2009 and 2010 for individuals age 50 and over. |
Up to $1,000 in tax years 2009 and 2010 for individuals age 50 and over. |
Contribution Eligibility |
Any age when single and joint tax filers fall under certain AGI limits. |
Under age 70½. |
| Deductibility |
Nondeductible. |
Fully deductible if not in a qualified retirement plan and certain AGI limits are not exceeded. Reducing deduction available for active participants in qualified retirement plans who fall under certain AGI limits. |
| Distributions |
Not mandatory at age 70½.
After age 59½: Tax-free if Roth IRA held for five years.
Before age 59½: Tax-free if Roth IRA held for five years and distribution is due to death, disability or qualified first-time home purchase. If the above criteria are not met, an early withdrawal before age 59½ may be subject to taxes and a 10% penalty as set by federal law.
Taxable distributions: Taxed as ordinary income. A 10% penalty may not apply if distribution is considered a qualified withdrawal for specific exceptions such as higher education expenses. |
Must begin at age 70½.
After age 59½: All “deductible” contributions and any earnings taxed as ordinary income.
Before age 59½: Taxed as ordinary income. A 10% penalty does not apply if used for certain distributions such as qualified first-time home purchase. If the above criteria are not met, an early withdrawal before age 59½ may be subject to taxes and a 10% penalty as set by federal law. |